Kiln bottom and method of building kilns



July 3, 1928. 1,676,182

c. E. FUL LEFQ KILN BOTTOM AND METHOD 0F snmbme KILNS Filed Jan. 25, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet l July 3, 1928. 1,676,182

C. E. FULLER KILN BOTTOM AND METHOD OF BUILDING KILNS Filed Jan. 25, 1928 s Sheets-Sheet 2 /0 I law .5.

July 3, 1928.

- .c. E. FULLER I'SILN BOTTOM AND METHOD OF BUILDING KILNS 5 Sheets-Sheet tbtda 2 276 3 :3 Filed Jan. 25, 1928 CLAUI) FULLER, OE NEW YGRK, N; Y., ASSIGNOR TO NEW YOENBEIOK HAN EING "it li asheen an invariable practice to date to "buildithe arches extending iron'rone' slde of Patented July 3, 1928.

CORPORATION, OE NEW YORK, N. Y, A OOBPOEATI' N OF NEW Yonx i xin N BOTTO m: METHOEOE Bmmm'kims.

I, Application filed was 25, 1928. Serial No. 249,277. a

V present invention relates to tllGlDitIlU-y method building "In burning brick, one of the principal I terms of kilns I employed is the soc'alled scoved kiln and heretofore it has always been the practice to build the archesot such kiln extending through from one side to the other. r'ls' 'an improvement in the art' of building kilns there has lately come into practice the use of these-called" permanent kiln bottoms, and in the development of such kiln bottoms the kiln to the other. In the so -ealled scoved kiln it has always been ditiicult to get the Lin id dle portion ot the kiln heated to the proper degree,this beingparticularly the case where oil b'urners hav'ebeen used as a s medi m, This" failure toheat the the fact the oil burners great extent I I flame in from each side of the tii rtiw' their e uddled the kiln, having a tendency to form mean space with the consequence that the e: is. considerable period of time.

i have been Various st ,ps

taken to obviate the appearance or the black spot in the mid- 'dle of the .kiln, of the most successful being to; reduce the pressure on one of the burners on any arch and to iiicrease' the pressure of the'hu-riier on the opposite side, and

I in th s way the flame from the burner whose pressure is increased will extend beyond the middle portion of the kiln and will heat up suchportion and remove the black spot therefrom." This procedure o fcourse necessitates extra time as well a's extra fuel and is obj tionable- Inm-y present invention I have devised means for overcoming the ditficulties enu-V merated above, and in carrying out my invention, I have provided a permanent kiln bot tomalthough the invention is applicable to kilns not employing a permanent kiln hotmiddle portion of thekilii is caused to a li e [and such flames meet approximately at a'black spot left in thearch tor 'a portions of thekiln' and; prevents the appearance oft-he black spot.

The principal object of my invention,

theretore, is an improyed kiln structure. I Another ob ect of my nvention is an improved method of building kilns,

Other objects and novel teatures cot ithe "construction and arrangement otpar ts com-I prising the apparatus will appear as tliede- V scription of the inventionprogresses.

In the accompanying drawings,

II 1 1g. 1 IS a plan View ot a portion otva kiln to which invention has been applied;

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of a structure similar to Fig. :1 but with the bricks hacked in position thereon;

Fig. 3 is a central l'and and with port-able sco'vingin posi t on thereon;

i gjis a sectional elevation on the line Figgfi' is a F 7- I Fig. 7 is perspective View of a pre- I II I I sectional elevation of kiln embody ngthe structure shown in' Figs;

Fig. 6 isa sectional elevation on the'line i 1 so section (mete line 5+5 of formed element utilized in building up a kiln labttoin shown in vthe figures.

Referrin to the drawings, there is shown a permanent form of kiln bottom designated generally n F1'g.,1 bythe numeral 10, such kiln bottom, being made up of common brick 1 11, fire brick 12, and arch forms 13, the arch torms'beingot the sliape shown in Fig. 7, where t w ll'be seen that each torm is provided with pair of members ltand 15 respectively,extending outward troinoiie-side I oi the tor-111,13 and insur ng that when a secnd t is l bed in p t n there gam that or passageway wi ll 'exist betwejen e ime f9 im$ 3' r lildin eip manentkiln botton'r'piers' composed dimbrick 12 are arranged parallel to each other to deiine a passageway 16 therebetw-een, such fire brick piers 12 extending inward from the side toward the middle of the arch a sufiiheat from the firing material'engages with cient distance to insure that the most intense I thefire brick. The'se'piers are then continned inwardly, using common brick 11, and such common brick 11 in the shape of piers extend inwardly a predetermined distance beyond the center line 1717 of the kiln.

is then built solidly with common brick 11,

r as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 1-. On top of the piers formed of the fire brick 12 and common brick l1 and spanning a space 16 are placed the predetermined forms 13, preferably of fire brick orrequivalent substance. Such predetermined forms 13 are built over the space 16 to define an archedpassageway extending from one side of the kiln as far as the pier structure continues and the common brick 11 built solidly across the passageway 16 extends upwardly to a height equal to the height of the piers and predetermined forms 13. Along each side of the kiln bottom there is arranged a course of tire brickl2 lower than the course of such lire brick of which the piers above described are formed and on top of such lower courses is placed the predetermined forms 13, this not only providing an opening for the arch 16, but also providing a shelf on which may rest the portable scoving 18 employed in connection with the kiln.

By referring to Fig. 1 it will be noted that the arch structures of which the predetermined forms 13 form the top, extend beyond the center line 17 of the kiln bottom and that such arches 16 are arranged in staggered relation to each other. Therefore, although when a heating flame, as the flame from burning oil, is projected into the arches 16, while there may be a dead space at the inner end of each arc-h, yet such dead space will have adjacent to it on either sidethereof a wall which is being subjected to an intense heat and, therefore, with this construction, the inner or middle portion of the kiln is subjected to as much heat as any of the outlying portions thereof, and by such means, therefore, I have been able to absolutely eliminate the cold area that formerly existed in prior structures.

After the kiln bottom above described is built, there is built thereon a kiln formed of unit stacks of brick 20, each of the lower courses in the first stacks being provided with finger courses 21, the spaces between such finger courses not only providing a space in which lifting forks may be placed, but also such spaces are brought into alignment with the spaces between adjacent predetermined forms 13 and act, therefore, as flues and through which the heat from the furnace in the arches 16 pass upward into the bricks. Before burning and after the unit stacks of brick 2O arein position, it is usual to place mortar 22'around the outer side of the kiln and on the ledges formed of the two outer courses of predetermined forms 13 and in such mortar rests the lower end of the portable scoving 18.

I/Vith my above construction, I am enabled to secure a zone through the middle of the kiln which has approximately double the heating area of present types of kilns and this without the use of any additional burners. The novel feature of staggering the arches in the up-draft kiln is broadly new as far as I am aware and I desire to claim the same broadly.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is:

1. In a structure of the kind described, the combination of a plurality of arches each of less lengththan the width of the structure and extending inwardly from either side thereof. 7

2. In a structure of the kind described, the combination of a plurality of arches arranged side by side and instaggered rela tion to each other.

8. In an improved kiln structure the combination of a plurality of arches arranged side by side and in staggered relation to each other and each alternate arch extending from the same side of the kiln and to a point beyond the middle thereof.

' 4. In an improved kiln, the combination of a kiln bottom, a plurality of arches formed therein, said arches being of less length than the width of the kiln, and are ranged in staggered relation with respect to the kiln in each arch without encountering an opposingv flame from the opposite side thereof. I

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

GLAUD E. FULLER. 

